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Russian Mountains
Russian Mountains were a predecessor to the roller coaster.
The earliest roller coasters were descended from Russian winter sled rides held on specially constructed hills of ice, sometimes up to 200 feet (61 m) tall.〔Roller Coasters A Thrill Seeker's Guide to the Ultimate Scream Machines pg 13 (1st Published Edition)〕 Known from the 17th century, the slides were built to a height of between 70 and 80 feet (21 to 24 m), had a 50-degree initial slope, and were reinforced by wooden supports. In the 18th century they were especially popular in St. Petersburg and surroundings, from where their usage and popularity spread to Europe. Sometimes wheeled carts were used instead of tracks, like in the ''Katalnaya Gorka'' built in Catherine II's residence in Oranienbaum. By the late 18th century, their popularity was such that entrepreneurs elsewhere began copying the idea, using wheeled cars built on tracks. The first such wheeled ride was brought to Paris in 1804 under the name ''Les Montagnes Russes'' (French for "Russian Mountains").
==Early builders==
Among the early companies were Les Montagnes Russes à Belleville, which constructed and operated a gravity track in Paris from 1812, and Promenades Aeriennes ("Aerial Promenades", 1817, at Beaujon Gardens, Paris). The first loop track was probably also built in Paris from an English design in 1846, with a single-person wheeled sled running through a 13-foot (4 m) diameter loop. None of these tracks were complete circuits.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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